經和考完的同學們聊天,大家普遍反映今年MTI的詞匯部分偏難,根據大家的回憶,學姐整理出了部分真題考到的詞匯,供大家參考。也歡迎童鞋們各種補充哈!
英譯漢詞匯包括: AIIB 亞洲基礎設施投資銀行(亞投行) CDM清潔發展機制 flipped classroom 翻轉教室 ethereum 以太坊 universiade 世界大學生運動會 INDC國家自主貢獻文件 on board infotainment 車載信息娛樂 AI 人工智能 graphene 石墨烯 demographic dividend 人口紅利
漢譯英詞匯包括: 小康社會 a moderately prosperous society 上市公司 a listed company 造林工程 afforestation 譯制片 a dubbed film 食品添加劑 food additives 行政審批 administrative examination and approval 風景名勝 a place of interest 民主集中制 democratic centralism 社會主義核心價值觀 core socialist values 表情包 emoticon 中共中央軍事委員會 Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee 《論語》 The Analects 共享單車 shared bicks
看到這些詞匯的第一反應是,學姐考研前發的100個詞匯押題和模擬卷果然還是壓中了幾個詞!能幫同學們多拿個幾分,真是超級滿足~~~
從以上詞條中可以看出,詞匯翻譯部分依然和時事聯系緊密。比如,在新能源汽車發展的背景下,石墨烯電池就成了熱門話題;人工智能也是大家一直在關注的。在十九大的背景下,政治話題經常被提起,于是就有了民主集中制、中央軍委和社會主義核心價值觀等等。因此,大家今后的復習思路依然要保持和時代接軌。
英譯漢的短文出自IPS的一篇新聞報道: A survey of rural in- and out-of school young people towards agriculture, based on field-work in two regions in Ethiopia, is remarkably rich and insightful. Life as a farmer was tied to life in a village which most respondents saw as hard and demanding. Yet there was considerable heterogeneity in the views of the young. Participants in both regions concurred that agriculture has changed significantly over the last decade. The introduction and adoption of agricultural inputs such as improved seeds, fertilisers and better farming methods have produced significant increases in productivity and earnings.
There were competing narratives on whether agriculture was becoming more desirable to young people as a result. Participants felt that these developments were making agriculture more and more profitable and therefore more appealing. But they felt that there was a huge obstacle in engaging in it – scarcity of land. Although the dominant view was that young people are disinterested in agriculture, some participants pointed out that this was not always the case.
A slightly more positive attitude towards agriculture was evident among young people who had left school, either failing to complete high school for various reasons or to qualify for higher level education. Although this group of respondents were equally aware of the grimness of traditional agriculture and the life of the common farmer, many were not dismissive of agriculture as a possible future livelihood, while a few even saw it as a preferred livelihood option, under improved conditions.
段落主要寫埃塞俄比亞的年輕人對于從事農業生產的態度。整體看來,文章理解的難度并不大,可能出現問題的地方有以下幾處。
1. A survey of rural in- and out-of school young people towards agriculture, based on field-work in two regions in Ethiopia, is remarkably rich and insightful.
這里的rich和insightful都是指survey的。因此,rich在這里應該理解為“信息量豐富”,insightful可以理解為“深刻”。
2. Life as a farmer was tied to life in a village which most respondents saw as hard and demanding.
這句話的結構是第一個難點。which銜接的定語從句限定的中心詞是life as a farmer。第二個難點是對于demanding的理解。demanding大部分同學會理解為“要求高的”,但從另一個角度想,它是指做農民這件事“很吃力”。因此,可以說成是“從事農業生產需要一輩子待在農村,大部分人認為這種生活很艱難、吃力。”
3. There were competing narratives on whether agriculture was becoming more desirable to young people as a result.
competing narratives指對某事的看法有分歧。句尾的as a result是說年輕人最終的歸宿。
4. A slightly more positive attitude towards agriculture was evident among young people who had left school, either failing to complete high school for various reasons or to qualify for higher level education.
這句話的理解其實并不困難,主要是后面either … or… 的處理。這里有兩種建議的譯法。第一種,可以處理為“無論是由于各種原因未能完成高中學業的人,還是已經從學校畢業希望繼續攻讀更高學位的人,都是如此。”第二種,可以處理為“他們有的是由于各種原因未能完成高中學業的人,有的是已經從學校畢業希望繼續攻讀更高學位的人。”
漢譯英的原文是出自中新網對北京園博園的報道: [size=1em]這個依山而建、占地1.3公頃的北京園,由三進庭院組成,融匯了皇家園林的精華,包括幽雅的宮廷園、富麗大氣的山水園、含蓄內斂的山地園,處處彰顯了皇家園林富麗典雅的氣質。步入北京園的第一進院,是個四合院式的宮廷園林,依景種植松石、翠竹,還有以白色花卉為主的牡丹、玉蘭、海棠,體現了幽靜、典雅的宮廷氛圍;第二進院是自然與人工交匯的山水園,突顯堂皇大氣,是全園景觀的經典;第三進院則是一處既含蓄又內斂的皇家山地園,北京園的主要建筑“萬象昭輝”就坐落于此。“萬象昭輝”是北京園的最高點,拾階而上,登上高處,園內的方池、書樓、廊榭、亭臺、石橋盡收眼底;放眼園外,可看見京石鐵路上的高鐵列車飛馳而過,仿佛預示著繁榮的過去與快速發展的今天。
這種類型的漢譯英一般要求是先把意思翻對,然后再考慮韻味。這幾年北外MTI的漢譯英題目全部以中國風命題,體現了對中國古典文化的重視。練習這類的翻譯可以參考張培基的《散文翻譯108篇》和《中國文化讀本》英譯本。
從題目來看,層次比較清晰。要求先翻出對北京園的總體概述,所謂“三進庭院”,就是由三個部分的院落組成。這三個院落分別是宮廷園、山水園和山地園。然后再分別描述這三個庭院。最后是對“萬象昭輝”這個景點的描述。
層次分析清楚之后,就是考慮選詞了。有的同學表示,牡丹、玉蘭、海棠這些詞不熟悉,在遇到這種情況的時候,可以用總結的辦法來概括,尋找上義詞。比如,這里可以直接處理成white flowers。再比如,“萬象昭輝”如果覺得一時間很難處理得簡潔,可以音譯為Wan Xiang Zhao Hui。
學姐后續的文章會專門為大家講一下這一類偏文學的文本該如何翻譯。
|