2．互有過失碰撞條款bimco clauses(Both-to-Blame Collision Clause) （另：96，00，01，02，03，04）
If the Vessel comes into collision with another ship as a result of the negligence of the other ship and any act, neglect or default of the Master, Mariner, Pilot or the servants of the Carrier in the navigation or in the management of the Vessel, the owners of the cargo carried hereunder will indemnify the Carrier against all loss or liability to the other or non- carrying ship or her Owners in so far as such loss or liability represents loss of, or damage to, or any claim whatsoever of the owners of said cargo, paid or payable by the other or non-carrying ship or her Owners to the owners of said cargo and set-off, recouped or recovered by the other or non-carrying ship or her Owners as part of their claim against the carrying Vessel or Carrier. The foregoing provisions shall also apply where the Owners, operators or those in charge of any ship or ships or objects other than，or in addition to, the colliding ships or objects are at fault in respect of a collision or contact.
中文見莊煒海事法P112
6．航次租船合同中的“到達(dá)船舶”
如合同終止規(guī)定船舶應(yīng)到達(dá)規(guī)定的港口，則船舶已經(jīng)到達(dá)該港口，不論是否已靠泊，即視為到達(dá)船舶。如合同規(guī)定船舶必須到達(dá)合同規(guī)定的或者承租人根據(jù)合同指定的泊位，則船舶只有到達(dá)該泊位時(shí)，才視為到達(dá)船舶。在后一種合同中，出租人為了在港口擁擠等各種原因使得船舶不能立即靠泊時(shí)，避免等泊引起的時(shí)間損失，常常要求列入“到達(dá)即可靠泊”（Reachable on Arrival），“不論靠泊與否”（Whether in Berth or Not），或者“等待泊位所損失的時(shí)間記入裝貨時(shí)間”（Time lost waiting for berth to count as loading/discharging time）的規(guī)定。
2．海牙規(guī)則中的“管理貨物”的規(guī)定如何解釋？
Subject to the provisions of Article IV, the carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried.
（1）在這一規(guī)定中，“除第4條另有規(guī)定外”，是指海牙規(guī)則第4條第2款承運(yùn)人免責(zé)事項(xiàng)的規(guī)定的效力高于本規(guī)定。具體而言，如果承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人約定，貨物的裝載、搬移、積載或者卸載由托運(yùn)人負(fù)責(zé)，則根據(jù)海牙規(guī)則第4條第2款第（9）項(xiàng)承運(yùn)人免責(zé)事項(xiàng)，即“貨物托運(yùn)人或者貨主、其代理人或者代表的行為或者不行為”的規(guī)定，承運(yùn)人便不負(fù)責(zé)貨物的裝載、搬移、積載或者卸載，以及不承擔(dān)因此造成的貨物滅失或者損壞的賠償責(zé)任。
（2）貨物的裝載、搬移、積載、保管、照料和卸載這七個(gè)承運(yùn)人管理貨物的環(huán)節(jié)，包括貨物從裝船至卸船的整個(gè)過程。對于每一環(huán)節(jié)的具體含義，很難下定義。確定承運(yùn)人管理貨物義務(wù)的關(guān)鍵是“妥善”與“謹(jǐn)慎”兩詞。所謂“妥善”，通常指技術(shù)上的要求，即承運(yùn)人、船員或者其他受雇人員在管理貨物的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中，應(yīng)發(fā)揮通常要求的或者為所運(yùn)貨物特殊要求的知識與技能，建立起有效的工作系統(tǒng)，比如建立一套調(diào)控艙內(nèi)溫濕度的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)等。所謂“謹(jǐn)慎”，通常指責(zé)任心上的要求，即承運(yùn)人、船員或者其他受雇人員在管理貨物的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中，發(fā)揮作為一名能勝任貨物裝卸作業(yè)或者海上貨物運(yùn)輸工作的人可預(yù)期表現(xiàn)出來的謹(jǐn)慎，客觀表現(xiàn)為采用通常合理的方法來處理貨物，比如不能在輕泡貨上壓重貨等。